Autoantibodies in central nervous system and neuromuscular autoimmune disorders: A narrative review

The discovery of novel autoantibodies in neurological disorders contributes to a better understanding its pathogenesis, improves the accuracy diagnosis, and leads new treatment strategies. Advances techniques for screening detection have enabled antibodies central nervous system (CNS) neuromuscular diseases. Cell-based assays using live or fixed cells overexpressing target antigens are widely used autoantibody-based diagnosis clinical practice. Common pathogenic unknown most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Novel aquaporin-4 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) been identified neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder MOG antibody-associated disease, respectively. These diseases similarities MS, but autoantibodies, they now recognized as distinct disease entities. Antibodies paranodal membrane proteins such neurofascin-155, contactin‑1, contactin‑associated protein‑1 CIDP muscle-specific kinase low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 myasthenia gravis were added profiles disorders. Despite relatively low frequency seropositivity, autoantibody is currently essential CNS autoimmune disorders, differential approaches seropositive will contribute more personalized medicine. We reviewed recent discoveries their implications